As multiple media types usually appear together in multimedia objects or documents and different techniques capture different features or contents of them, we discuss how to integrate various indexing and retrieval techniques for effective retrieval of multimedia documents. The commonality among these techniques is that they all try to extract main features from raw media data, and then try to retrieve items relevant to the user's query based on the similarity or the distance between the extracted feature vectors of the stored items and the query. We discuss techniques for the indexing and retrieval of text documents, audio, images, and video. It then describes general design issues of multimedia database management systems to meet these characteristics and requirements. It starts with a discussion on the main characteristics and requirements of multimedia data. This book provides comprehensive coverage on issues and current technologies in multimedia database management. Thus new multimedia indexing and retrieval techniques are required. Due to the differences between the characteristics and requirements of alphanumeric data and multimedia data, a traditional DBMS is not capable of effectively handling multimedia data. This led to the development of database management systems (DBMSs), which are now one of the most popular computer applications and are used in almost every organization. A similar situation happened about thirty years ago when more and more alphanumeric data were stored in computer-readable form. Since more and more digital multimedia data in the forms of image, video, and audio are being captured and stored, the focus has shifted in last few years to efficient and effective storage and retrieval of multimedia information. A few years ago, the main focus in multimedia research and development was on multimedia communications and multimedia authoring and presentation.
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